{"id":4805,"date":"2023-12-13T18:03:26","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T17:03:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/?page_id=4805"},"modified":"2024-10-07T11:49:19","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T10:49:19","slug":"terapeuticke-moznosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/terapeuticke-moznosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Terapeutick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-inpage-nav-rea-inpage-nav-block rea-inpage-nav-block front has-margin\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wood_bg.jpg)\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"inpage-nav-background\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wood_bg.jpg\"\/><\/div><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content--wrapper\"><div class=\"text-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"inpage-nav-title\"><strong>Terapeutick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"inpage-nav-list\"><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"section-nav\"><h4 class=\"section-nav--title\">Obsah sekcie<\/h4><div class=\"section-nav--nav-items js-inpage-nav-items\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-blocked\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration left\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.05.13.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 72%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.05.13.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-left\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Hoci v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nepozn\u00e1me liek schopn\u00fd \u00faplne vylie\u010di\u0165 schizofr\u00e9niu, vyhliadky \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich s t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm sa <strong>neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uj\u00fa<\/strong>. Lie\u010dba schizofr\u00e9nie u v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed zah\u0155\u0148a kombin\u00e1ciu medikament\u00f3znej lie\u010dby a terapie rozhovormi spolu so soci\u00e1lnym n\u00e1cvikom, ktor\u00fd im pom\u00e1ha znovu sa za\u010dleni\u0165 do spolo\u010dnosti. Po\u010das kr\u00edzov\u00fdch obdob\u00ed alebo \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalov sprev\u00e1dzan\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi pr\u00edznakmi m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 potreba hospitaliz\u00e1cie, aby sa zabezpe\u010dila bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, vhodn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva, dostato\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00e1nok a z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 hygiena.<br><br>Schizofr\u00e9nia si vy\u017eaduje <strong>celo\u017eivotn\u00fa lie\u010dbu<\/strong> aj napriek zmierneniu pr\u00edznakov. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa o lie\u010dbu \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou star\u00e1 lie\u010debn\u00fd t\u00edm pod veden\u00edm sk\u00fasen\u00e9ho psychiatra. T\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee pozost\u00e1va\u0165 aj z psychol\u00f3ga, psychiatrickej sestry, soci\u00e1lneho pracovn\u00edka a individu\u00e1lneho poradcu, ktor\u00fd by koordinoval starostlivos\u0165.<br><br>Vzh\u013eadom na zlo\u017eitos\u0165 ochorenia a skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek je in\u00fd<strong>, neexistuje \u201euniverz\u00e1lna lie\u010dba vhodn\u00e1 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch\u201c<\/strong>. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 venova\u0165 \u010das presk\u00famaniu v\u0161etk\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed a vypracovaniu individu\u00e1lneho pl\u00e1nu lie\u010dby, ktor\u00fd bude pre v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed. Cie\u013eom lie\u010dby je zmierni\u0165 pr\u00edznaky, zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 relapsu a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu \u017eivota.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongstrongstrongvznam-zdravho-ivotnho-tlustrongstrongstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong><strong><strong>V\u00fdznam zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>Existuje nieko\u013eko d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do je zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl pre \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd. \u017di\u0165 zdrav\u00fd, akt\u00edvny \u017eivot m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre nich n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 kv\u00f4li ich pr\u00edznakom, ako je nedostatok energie alebo ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky liekov. Okrem toho je u nich vy\u0161\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 v\u00fdskytu r\u00f4znych zdravotn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov, najm\u00e4 srdcovocievnych ochoren\u00ed, m\u0155tvice, rakoviny a cukrovky. V skuto\u010dnosti m\u00e1 viac ako <strong>75 % <\/strong>\u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou aj chronick\u00e9 telesn\u00e9 ochorenie. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom, ako je faj\u010denie alebo nespr\u00e1vna strava, ale aj ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinkami antipsychotick\u00fdch liekov.<br><br>Faj\u010denie je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd sa t\u00fdka pribli\u017ene <strong>60 %<\/strong> \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou v porovnan\u00ed s <strong>25 %<\/strong> \u013eud\u00ed bez tohto ochorenia. Hoci \u013eudia so schizofr\u00e9niou \u010dasto sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa faj\u010denie ako formu samolie\u010dby, neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne vedeck\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy o tom, \u017ee faj\u010denie zlep\u0161uje ich pr\u00edznaky. Naopak, existuje mno\u017estvo d\u00f4kazov o \u0161kodliv\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkoch faj\u010denia na celkov\u00e9 zdravie. Preto je pre \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby prestali faj\u010di\u0165. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom je priberanie. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 sedav\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom \u017eivota, ktor\u00fd je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u010dlovek nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1cu a m\u00e1 tendenciu \u017ei\u0165 fyzicky menej akt\u00edvny \u017eivot, ale m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 aj ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinok antipsychotick\u00fdch liekov.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 data-short=\"\" id=\"strongliekystrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Lieky<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>Lieky s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom lie\u010dby schizofr\u00e9nie. Hoci existuje nieko\u013eko r\u00f4znych mo\u017enost\u00ed a pr\u00edstupov k lie\u010dbe schizofr\u00e9nie, lieky s\u00fa ich z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou. Lie\u010dba schizofr\u00e9nie bez liekov prakticky neexistuje. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie predpisovan\u00fdmi liekmi pri schizofr\u00e9nii s\u00fa <strong>antipsychotik\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.26.07.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.26.07.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.26.07.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>Typy liekov<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>Ako si pam\u00e4t\u00e1te z prvej kapitoly tejto knihy, neurotransmiter dopam\u00edn zohr\u00e1va pri schizofr\u00e9nii z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee u os\u00f4b so schizofr\u00e9niou je <strong>mno\u017estvo dopam\u00ednu pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzke<\/strong> v oblastiach mozgu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za pozornos\u0165 a spracovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, a pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 v oblastiach zodpovedn\u00fdch za predstavivos\u0165 a em\u00f3cie. Antipsychotik\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00fa tak, \u017ee <strong>kontroluj\u00fa<\/strong> mno\u017estvo dopam\u00ednu a in\u00fdch poslov v mozgu. Tieto lieky zni\u017euj\u00fa psychotick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, \u010d\u00edm umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa \u010dloveku, o ktor\u00e9ho sa star\u00e1te, fungova\u0165 a lep\u0161ie sa prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165. Antipsychotik\u00e1 mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 do dvoch skup\u00edn:<br><br><strong>TYPICK\u00c9 ANTIPSYCHOTIK\u00c1<\/strong> (naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aj prvogenera\u010dn\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1)<br>boli uveden\u00e9 na trh v <strong>50. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia<\/strong> a umo\u017enili mnoh\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom so schizofr\u00e9niou opusti\u0165 nemocnicu a vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa k svojim rodin\u00e1m a do spolo\u010dnosti. Hoci tieto prvogenera\u010dn\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 dok\u00e1zali kontrolova\u0165 psychotick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, sp\u00f4sobovali aj nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017eovali pravdepodobnos\u0165 dodr\u017eiavania lie\u010dby. To podnietilo v\u00fdvoj nov\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tok s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikom ne\u017eiaducich \u00fa\u010dinkov.<br><br><strong>ATYPICK\u00c9 ANTIPSYCHOTIK\u00c1<\/strong> (naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aj druhogenera\u010dn\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1)<br>boli prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t uveden\u00e9 na trh v <strong>90. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia<\/strong>, maj\u00fa in\u00e9 mechanizmy \u00fa\u010dinku ako prvogenera\u010dn\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1, s\u00fa lep\u0161ie tolerovan\u00e9 a maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l vies\u0165 k lep\u0161\u00edm dlhodob\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkom. Atypick\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie pri prevencii relapsov, ako aj pri lie\u010dbe negat\u00edvnych a kognit\u00edvnych pr\u00edznakov schizofr\u00e9nie. Niektor\u00e9 z nov\u0161\u00edch atypick\u00fdch antipsychot\u00edk objaven\u00fdch v posledn\u00fdch rokoch vykazuj\u00fa ve\u013emi s\u013eubn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, pokia\u013e ide o lie\u010dbu negat\u00edvnych sympt\u00f3mov.<br><br>Obe skupiny zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa mnoho r\u00f4znych l\u00e1tok s r\u00f4znou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee liek s n\u00edzkou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou bude vy\u017eadova\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161iu d\u00e1vku na dosiahnutie rovnak\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku ako liek s vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou s ni\u017e\u0161ou d\u00e1vkou.<br><br>Antipsychotik\u00e1 s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 <strong>v peror\u00e1lnej aj injek\u010dnej forme<\/strong>. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie dlhodob\u00fa lie\u010dbu predstavuj\u00fa peror\u00e1lne lieky, ktor\u00e9 sa u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <strong>1 \u2013 3-kr\u00e1t<\/strong> denne. Niektor\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017eu pod\u00e1va\u0165 vo <strong>forme r\u00fdchlo p\u00f4sobiacich injekci\u00ed<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 v naliehav\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Existuj\u00fa aj <strong>dlhodobo p\u00f4sobiace<\/strong> (tzv. depotn\u00e9) injek\u010dn\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa alternat\u00edvu pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa probl\u00e9m s pravideln\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm peror\u00e1lnych liekov. Tieto injekcie sa m\u00f4\u017eu pod\u00e1va\u0165 <strong>ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u00e1r t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov<\/strong>, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje d\u00f4slednej\u0161iu a dlhodobej\u0161iu \u00fa\u013eavu od pr\u00edznakov a s\u00fa rovnako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pri kontrole pr\u00edznakov ako peror\u00e1lne lieky.<br><br>V pr\u00edpade <strong>psychotickej epiz\u00f3dy<\/strong> sa za\u010dne pod\u00e1va\u0165 lie\u010dba liekmi <strong>okam\u017eite<\/strong>. Antipsychotik\u00e1 sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pod\u00e1vaj\u00fa vo forme injekci\u00ed s cie\u013eom r\u00fdchlo, bezpe\u010dne a \u00fa\u010dinne potla\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edznaky. Cie\u013eom tejto lie\u010dby je snaha o \u010do najr\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lnemu fungovaniu. To zah\u0155\u0148a upokojenie rozru\u0161en\u00e9ho, n\u00e1siln\u00e9ho alebo ru\u0161iv\u00e9ho pacienta, minimalizovanie nebezpe\u010denstva pre seba a ostatn\u00fdch a dosiahnutie hladk\u00e9ho prechodu z injekci\u00ed na dlhodob\u00fa peror\u00e1lnu lie\u010dbu.<br><br>Po <strong>prvej psychotickej epiz\u00f3de <\/strong>sa antipsychotick\u00e1 lie\u010dba pod\u00e1va ako <strong>udr\u017eiavacia terapia<\/strong> najmenej <strong>12 \u2013 18 mesiacov<\/strong>, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo \u010fal\u0161\u00edm epiz\u00f3dam. U \u013eud\u00ed so <strong>schizofr\u00e9niou v remisii<\/strong> sa <strong>udr\u017eiavacia terapia<\/strong> pod\u00e1va najmenej <strong>dva roky<\/strong>.<br><br>V r\u00e1mci <strong>chronickej schizofr\u00e9nie<\/strong>, ke\u010f s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 \u00fazkos\u0165 a depresia a samotn\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 primerane zmierni\u0165 pr\u00edznaky, sa niekedy kombinuj\u00fa s in\u00fdmi typmi liekov, ako s\u00fa <strong>lieky proti \u00fazkosti, antidepres\u00edva a stabiliz\u00e1tory n\u00e1lady<\/strong>. V pr\u00edpade \u00fazkosti a nespavosti sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ako lieky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <strong>benzodiazep\u00edny<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa v\u0161ak naj\u010dastej\u0161ie odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa na kr\u00e1tke obdobie. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa m\u00f4\u017eu kombinova\u0165 r\u00f4zne typy antipsychot\u00edk (napr\u00edklad tablety a depotn\u00e9 injekcie), aby sa pr\u00edznaky udr\u017eali pod kontrolou. Niektor\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky antipsychot\u00edk sa udr\u017euj\u00fa pod kontrolou aj pomocou in\u00fdch typov liekov.<br><br>Pri v\u00fdbere konkr\u00e9tneho lieku mus\u00ed psychiater, ktor\u00fd lie\u010di \u010dloveka, o ktor\u00e9ho sa star\u00e1te, zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 mno\u017estvo faktorov. Patria sem pr\u00edznaky v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho, reakcia na predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face lieky a&nbsp;jeho ochota spolupr\u00e1cova\u0165, priebeh a z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 ochorenia, liekov\u00e9 interakcie, ne\u017eiaduce reakcie, d\u00e1vkovanie a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 in\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed.<br><br>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek reaguje na lieky pod\u00e1van\u00e9 na schizofr\u00e9niu r\u00f4zne a \u010dasov\u00e9 r\u00e1mce potrebn\u00e9 na dosiahnutie kontroly nad r\u00f4znymi pr\u00edznakmi m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 dlh\u00e9. Zatia\u013e \u010do pocity \u00fazkosti alebo agresie sa daj\u00fa zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hod\u00edn, zlep\u0161enie in\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov, ako s\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie a bludy, m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov.<br><br>Pribli\u017ene v <strong>10 \u2013 30 %<\/strong> pr\u00edpadov doch\u00e1dza iba k mal\u00e9mu zlep\u0161eniu pr\u00edznakov aj po vysk\u00fa\u0161an\u00ed dvoch alebo viacer\u00fdch r\u00f4znych antipsychot\u00edk. O t\u00fdchto \u013eu\u010foch sa hovor\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00fa <strong>schizofr\u00e9niu rezistentn\u00fa na lie\u010dbu<\/strong>.<br><br>Lek\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd lie\u010di v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho, m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dasom experimentova\u0165 s jednotliv\u00fdmi liekmi a r\u00f4znymi d\u00e1vkami, aby dosiahol \u017eelan\u00fd v\u00fdsledok. Cie\u013eom je vyvin\u00fa\u0165 individu\u00e1lnu lie\u010dbu, ktor\u00e1 udr\u017e\u00ed pr\u00edznaky pod kontrolou.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>Ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>Ne\u017eiaduce \u00fa\u010dinky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 d\u00f4sledkom u\u017e\u00edvania typick\u00fdch aj atypick\u00fdch antipsychot\u00edk, av\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165, \u017ee u niektor\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed sa v\u00f4bec neprejavia, pri\u010dom ich z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 sa m\u00f4\u017ee u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165.<br><br>Niektor\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 maj\u00fa sedat\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok a <strong>spoma\u013euj\u00fa mozgov\u00fa aktivitu<\/strong>. Tento \u00fa\u010dinok je \u010dastej\u0161\u00ed pri antipsychotik\u00e1ch prvej gener\u00e1cie a m\u00f4\u017ee sa zamie\u0148a\u0165 s negat\u00edvnymi pr\u00edznakmi, ako s\u00fa ab\u00falia, soci\u00e1lne stiahnutie sa a nedostatok motiv\u00e1cie. Sed\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia znovu za\u010dleni\u0165 do spolo\u010dnosti, nepr\u00edjemn\u00e1 a m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e naru\u0161i\u0165 ich lie\u010dbu. Opisuj\u00fa to ako <strong>\u017eivot v sklenenej klietke<\/strong>, bez mo\u017enosti akt\u00edvne sa z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 na \u017eivote. Lek\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd lie\u010di v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho, m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 sedat\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok antipsychot\u00edk zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm d\u00e1vky, prechodom na jednorazov\u00fa d\u00e1vku pred span\u00edm alebo prechodom na menej sedat\u00edvny liek.<br><br>Pomerne \u010dast\u00fdm ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkom antipsychot\u00edk je syndr\u00f3m naz\u00fdvan\u00fd akat\u00edzia, ktor\u00fd je charakterizovan\u00fd stavom <strong>nepokoja<\/strong> sprev\u00e1dzan\u00fdm <strong>naliehavou potrebou pohybu<\/strong>. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch poci\u0165uj\u00fa \u013eudia s t\u00fdmto syndr\u00f3mom neodolate\u013en\u00e9 nutkanie pohybova\u0165 sa a rast\u00faci pocit nap\u00e4tia, ke\u010f musia zosta\u0165 na mieste. Akat\u00edzia sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e1\u017ene \u0165a\u017ekosti, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 a\u017e k samovra\u017eedn\u00fdm my\u0161lienkam. Syndr\u00f3m sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 antipsychotik\u00e1 prvej gener\u00e1cie, ale m\u00f4\u017eu ho sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 aj nov\u0161ie lieky. Vyskytuje sa najm\u00e4 v prv\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och lie\u010dby, ale ak sa nerie\u0161i, m\u00f4\u017ee pretrv\u00e1va\u0165.<br><br>Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee typick\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa v\u00fdskyt ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov, ktor\u00e9 nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 pohybu a re\u010di. Patr\u00ed medzi ne <strong>tras, chvenie, svalov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0161klby a svalov\u00e9 spazmy<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 intenz\u00edvnu svalov\u00fa stuhnutos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sa naz\u00fdva dyst\u00f3nia. A\u017e u <strong>40 %<\/strong> \u013eud\u00ed lie\u010den\u00fdch typick\u00fdmi antipsychotikami sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00edznaky ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 Parkinsonovej chorobe \u2013 tras, rigidita, spomalen\u00e9 pohyby a poruchy ch\u00f4dze. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edznakov mo\u017eno odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm d\u00e1vky alebo ich mo\u017eno udr\u017ea\u0165 pod kontrolou \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi liekmi, ako s\u00fa antiparkinsonik\u00e1.<br><br>Jedn\u00fdm z charakteristick\u00fdch ne\u017eiaducich \u00fa\u010dinkov typick\u00fdch antipsychot\u00edk je stav zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00faci <strong>mimovo\u013en\u00e9, trhav\u00e9 pohyby kon\u010dat\u00edn, jazyka a pier<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa nedaj\u00fa kontrolova\u0165. Tento stav sa naz\u00fdva tard\u00edvna dyskin\u00e9za a zvy\u010dajne sa vyskytuje po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokoch lie\u010dby. Na rozdiel od in\u00fdch pohybov\u00fdch por\u00fach sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch liekmi sa tard\u00edvna dyskin\u00e9za nezlep\u0161\u00ed pri zn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed d\u00e1vky alebo preru\u0161en\u00ed lie\u010dby.<br><br>Atypick\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 pohybov\u00e9 poruchy, ale ich pr\u00edznaky s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne ove\u013ea menej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9. Je v\u0161ak zn\u00e1me, \u017ee sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky zasahuj\u00face do metabolizmu, napr\u00edklad <strong>pr\u00edrastok hmotnosti, zv\u00fd\u0161enie hladiny cukru a cholesterolu v krvi a osteopor\u00f3zu<\/strong>. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu sa odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa pravideln\u00e9 odbery krvi. Pri rie\u0161en\u00ed t\u00fdchto ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u00faprava v\u00fd\u017eivy a cvi\u010denie a pr\u00edpadne aj medikament\u00f3zna lie\u010dba.<br><br>Typick\u00e9 aj atypick\u00e9 antipsychotik\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ospalos\u0165, zv\u00fd\u0161enie telesnej hmotnosti, rozmazan\u00e9 videnie, z\u00e1pchu, vymiznutie sexu\u00e1lnej t\u00fa\u017eby a suchos\u0165 v \u00fastnej dutine. Niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov, napr\u00edklad rozmazan\u00e9 videnie, sa m\u00f4\u017eu \u010dasom zlep\u0161i\u0165 bez \u010fal\u0161ieho z\u00e1sahu. In\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne rie\u0161ia zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm d\u00e1vky liekov, zmenou antipsychotika alebo pou\u017eit\u00edm \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho lieku na dan\u00fd ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinok.<br><br>Ako opatrovate\u013e m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165 nieko\u013eko vec\u00ed na zn\u00ed\u017eenie negat\u00edvneho vplyvu niektor\u00fdch z t\u00fdchto ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov, najm\u00e4 v miernych alebo stredne z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch. Svojmu bl\u00edzkemu m\u00f4\u017eete pom\u00f4c\u0165 zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 priberaniu tak, \u017ee sa budete zdravo stravova\u0165, vyh\u00fdba\u0165 sa vysokokalorick\u00fdm jedl\u00e1m a sladkostiam a budete cvi\u010di\u0165. Svalov\u00fa stuhnutos\u0165 mo\u017eno zmierni\u0165 cvi\u010den\u00edm, konkr\u00e9tne roz\u0165ahovac\u00edmi a izometrick\u00fdmi cvikmi. Akat\u00edziu m\u00f4\u017ee zmierni\u0165 cvi\u010denie a akt\u00edvny \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>D\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 adherencie pacientom<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>D\u00f4sledn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvanie liekov sa naz\u00fdva spolupr\u00e1ca (kompliancia) lie\u010dby alebo adherencia. Aj ke\u010f sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee d\u00f4sledn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvanie liekov je jednoduch\u00e9, dodr\u017eiavanie u\u017e\u00edvania liekov je zvy\u010dajne jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov pri dlhodobej lie\u010dbe schizofr\u00e9nie. \u0160t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee <strong>50 \u2013 75 %<\/strong> \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou u\u017e\u00edva lieky ned\u00f4sledne a viac ako <strong>40 %<\/strong> ich \u00faplne prestane u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 po\u010das prv\u00fdch deviatich mesiacov lie\u010dby. Dodr\u017eiavanie lie\u010dby je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee antipsychotik\u00e1 s\u00fa <strong>\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 len pri pravidelnom a d\u00f4slednom u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed<\/strong>. Ak sa neu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pravidelne, ich hladina v krvi kol\u00ed\u0161e a ich \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 sa zhor\u0161uje. Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o dodr\u017eiavan\u00ed lie\u010dby (spolupr\u00e1ci \u010dloveka so schizofr\u00e9niou) a o tom, \u010do m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165 pre to, aby v\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzky dodr\u017eiaval lie\u010dbu, n\u00e1jdete v kapitole 6 tejto knihy.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/medication.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/medication.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/medication.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong><strong><strong><strong>Obavy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 v s\u00favislosti s liekmi<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>\u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou, ako aj ich rodiny, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 \u010dasto obavy z antipsychotick\u00fdch liekov pod\u00e1van\u00fdch na lie\u010dbu tohto ochorenia. Okrem ob\u00e1v z ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov sa m\u00f4\u017eu ob\u00e1va\u0165 aj mo\u017en\u00e9ho rizika vzniku z\u00e1vislosti. Antipsychotick\u00e1 lie\u010dba neumo\u017e\u0148uje jednotlivcom \u201edosta\u0165 sa do n\u00e1lady\u201c a nenapom\u00e1ha vytv\u00e1raniu n\u00e1vykov. Okrem toho <strong>nepodporuj\u00fa rozvoj n\u00e1vykov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania<\/strong>. \u010eal\u0161ou mylnou predstavou o antipsychotik\u00e1ch je, \u017ee ovl\u00e1daj\u00fa myse\u013e \u010dloveka a p\u00f4sobia ako \u201echemick\u00e1 kazajka\u201c. Vhodn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvanie antipsychotick\u00fdch liekov nebude ma\u0165 za n\u00e1sledok stratu slobodnej v\u00f4le alebo \u201eomr\u00e1\u010denie\u201c \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ich u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa.<br><br>Vzh\u013eadom na ich ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u013eudia so schizofr\u00e9niou neochotn\u00ed dodr\u017eiava\u0165 lie\u010dbu. Okrem toho sa niektor\u00ed \u013eudia domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee antipsychotik\u00e1 nie s\u00fa prospe\u0161n\u00e9 a po po\u010diato\u010dnom zlep\u0161en\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu chcie\u0165 ich u\u017e\u00edvanie ukon\u010di\u0165. <strong>N\u00e1hlemu vysadeniu je potrebn\u00e9 sa pr\u00edsne vyh\u00fdba\u0165<\/strong>, preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k n\u00e1vratu psychotick\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov. D\u00e1vku je nevyhnutn\u00e9 zni\u017eova\u0165 pomaly.<br><br>V\u017edy sa pora\u010fte s lek\u00e1rskym t\u00edmom, ktor\u00fd lie\u010di v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho, o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkoch predp\u00edsan\u00fdch liekov. Je <strong>d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zva\u017eova\u0165, ko\u013eko ne\u017eiaducich \u00fa\u010dinkov je pr\u00edpustn\u00fdch<\/strong>, aby ste zabezpe\u010dili, \u017ee \u010dlovek, o ktor\u00e9ho sa star\u00e1te, bude chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 pred recid\u00edvou bez toho, aby ste ohrozili dodr\u017eiavanie predpisov.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>Fyzick\u00e9 cvi\u010denie<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>Je v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1me, \u017ee fyzick\u00e9 cvi\u010denie m\u00e1 mno\u017estvo <strong>pozit\u00edvnych \u00fa\u010dinkov <\/strong>na srdce, p\u013e\u00faca, svaly a k\u013aby, metabolizmus a imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Zvy\u0161uje tie\u017e produkciu \u201eneurotransmiterov\u201c v mozgu, \u010d\u00edm zlep\u0161uje na\u0161u n\u00e1ladu a celkov\u00fd pocit pohody. Cvi\u010denie m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko pozit\u00edvnych \u00fa\u010dinkov na fyzick\u00e9 zdravie \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou. M\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edrastok telesnej hmotnosti a riziko srdcovocievnych ochoren\u00ed a cukrovky. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko osteopor\u00f3zy, \u010do je \u010fal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinok antipsychotick\u00fdch liekov. Okrem zlep\u0161enia v\u0161eobecnej kond\u00edcie pom\u00e1ha cvi\u010denie udr\u017eiava\u0165 aj n\u00edzky krvn\u00fd tlak. Okrem toho, dostatok pohybu, najm\u00e4 na \u010derstvom vzduchu, zlep\u0161uje aj sp\u00e1nok. To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee schizofr\u00e9nia je \u010dasto spojen\u00e1 s probl\u00e9mami so sp\u00e1nkom.<br><br>\u010co je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, cvi\u010denie m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pr\u00ednos pre psychick\u00fa pohodu \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou. \u0160t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee cvi\u010denie v\u00fdrazne zmier\u0148uje negat\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky, najm\u00e4 soci\u00e1lne stiahnutie sa, letargiu, apatiu a kognit\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky, ako je slab\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 a schopnos\u0165 prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165. Viac pohybu pom\u00e1ha zni\u017eova\u0165 stres a zlep\u0161uje n\u00e1ladu, motiv\u00e1ciu a sebavedomie. Zni\u017euje tie\u017e depresiu a \u00fazkos\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uje energiu. Okrem toho je to vynikaj\u00faci sp\u00f4sob socializ\u00e1cie pre v\u00e1s aj pre v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho. <br><br>Existuje mnoho r\u00f4znych druhov cvi\u010den\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzky vykon\u00e1va\u0165, vr\u00e1tane behu, ch\u00f4dze, pl\u00e1vania, posil\u0148ovania at\u010f. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich m\u00e1 in\u00e9 v\u00fdhody: napr\u00edklad pl\u00e1vanie zlep\u0161uje vytrvalos\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do silov\u00fd tr\u00e9ning je lep\u0161\u00ed pre pevnos\u0165 kost\u00ed.<br><br>Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee \u0161porty, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa aer\u00f3bne schopnosti, ako s\u00fa bojov\u00e9 umenia, joga alebo tanec, zlep\u0161uj\u00fa aj pr\u00edznaky a komorbidity schizofr\u00e9nie. Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 mno\u017estvo cvi\u010denia pri z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch psychick\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch je 90 \u2013 150 min\u00fat t\u00fd\u017edenne fyzickej aktivity so strednou a\u017e vysokou intenzitou. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 tak\u00e9 druhy fyzick\u00e9ho cvi\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 va\u0161im bl\u00edzkym prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa rados\u0165, preto\u017ee je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee v \u0148om bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd je aj individu\u00e1lny pl\u00e1n cvi\u010denia, ktor\u00fd zoh\u013ead\u0148uje potreby v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho a pravidelne sa reviduje.<br><br>Zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed lie\u010dby uveden\u00fdch v tejto kapitole je cvi\u010denie tou, do ktorej sa m\u00f4\u017eete zapoji\u0165 najviac. Mnoh\u00e9 cvi\u010denia sa daj\u00fa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 doma a vy m\u00f4\u017eete ve\u013ekou mierou prispie\u0165 k tomu, aby ste pre svojich bl\u00edzkych na\u0161li ten najlep\u0161\u00ed tr\u00e9ningov\u00fd re\u017eim a pomohli im udr\u017ea\u0165 si motiv\u00e1ciu.<br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongstrongstrongstrongpsychotherapiastrongstrongstrongstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong><strong><strong><strong>Psychotherapia<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Cie\u013eom psychoterapie alebo v\u0161eobecne terapie rozhovorom je pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom so schizofr\u00e9niou <strong>pozn\u00e1va\u0165 svoje sympt\u00f3my a \u017ei\u0165 svoj \u017eivot tak, aby sa menej tr\u00e1pili. <\/strong>Psychologick\u00e1 lie\u010dba m\u00f4\u017ee jednotlivcom so schizofr\u00e9niou pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri rie\u0161en\u00ed pozit\u00edvnych pr\u00edznakov, ako s\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie alebo bludy. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 zmierni\u0165 nieko\u013eko negat\u00edvnych pr\u00edznakov, napr\u00edklad apatiu alebo anhed\u00f3niu. Psychologick\u00e1 lie\u010dba je naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia, ak sa pou\u017e\u00edva v kombin\u00e1cii s antipsychotick\u00fdmi liekmi.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>Kognit\u00edvno-behavior\u00e1lna terapia (KBT)<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>KBT alebo kognit\u00edvno-behavior\u00e1lna terapia je naj\u010dastej\u0161ie odpor\u00fa\u010danou formou terapie rozhovorom, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na lie\u010dbu schizofr\u00e9nie. KBT je pr\u00edstup zameran\u00fd na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00fd vych\u00e1dza z my\u0161lienky, \u017ee na\u0161e em\u00f3cie s\u00fa vyvolan\u00e9 na\u0161imi my\u0161lienkami, a u\u010d\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou, <strong>ako zvl\u00e1da\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie<\/strong>. KBT pom\u00e1ha identifikova\u0165 a zmeni\u0165 negat\u00edvne my\u0161lienky a spr\u00e1vanie, pom\u00e1ha rie\u0161i\u0165 sympt\u00f3my, ako s\u00fa bludy alebo po\u010dutie hlasov, soci\u00e1lnu \u00fazkos\u0165 a depresiu.<br><br>KBT funguje tak, \u017ee u\u010d\u00ed jednotlivcov, ako zmeni\u0165 svoje presved\u010denia alebo spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinou negat\u00edvnych em\u00f3ci\u00ed. Terapia pozost\u00e1va z dvoch hlavn\u00fdch prvkov: <strong>kognit\u00edvny komponent,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1ha jednotlivcovi prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 svoj my\u0161lienkov\u00fd proces pri hodnoten\u00ed situ\u00e1cie, a <strong>behavior\u00e1lny komponent<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1ha jednotlivcovi regulova\u0165 sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm na \u0148u reaguje.<br><br>Sedenia KBT zvy\u010dajne trvaj\u00fa <strong>50 min\u00fat t\u00fd\u017edenne po dobu 3 a\u017e 6 mesiacov, niekedy aj 12 mesiacov<\/strong> alebo viac. Po\u010das seden\u00ed sa v\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzky, o ktor\u00e9ho sa star\u00e1te, pod veden\u00edm terapeuta u\u010d\u00ed, ak\u00fd na neho maj\u00fa vplyv jeho my\u0161lienky, pocity a spr\u00e1vanie. S kone\u010dn\u00fdm cie\u013eom odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 ne\u017eiaduce pocity ju terapeut u\u010d\u00ed aj strat\u00e9gie na zmenu negat\u00edvnych my\u0161lienok a zlep\u0161enie reakci\u00ed na ne. Okrem toho sa jednotlivci nau\u010dia, ako pos\u00fadi\u0165, \u010di s\u00fa ich my\u0161lienky a vn\u00edmanie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na realite a ako zvl\u00e1da\u0165 sprievodn\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my.<br><br>KBT pom\u00e1ha \u013eu\u010fom nau\u010di\u0165 sa, ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom je ich rozhodovac\u00ed mechanizmus ovplyvnen\u00fd my\u0161lienkami, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa o sebe a o svete, ktor\u00fd ich obklopuje. Ke\u010f\u017ee tak\u00e9to poznatky nie s\u00fa u \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou \u010dasto pr\u00edtomn\u00e9, KBT im m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu kontrolu nad svojimi em\u00f3ciami a spr\u00e1van\u00edm.<br><br>\u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou KBT je psychoeduk\u00e1cia. Po\u010das t\u00fdchto psychoterapeutick\u00fdch intervenci\u00ed je v\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzky informovan\u00fd o ochoren\u00ed a jeho lie\u010dbe. Cie\u013eom je podpori\u0165 pochopenie ochorenia a jeho zodpovedn\u00e9 mechanizmy zvl\u00e1dania. Dosiahne sa to empatick\u00fdm veden\u00edm prostredn\u00edctvom inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho dial\u00f3gu. V\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzky sa m\u00f4\u017ee nau\u010di\u0165, ako prevzia\u0165 kontrolu nad svoj\u00edm \u017eivotom a s\u00fa\u010dasne \u017ei\u0165 s chorobou. Aby sa s ochoren\u00edm dok\u00e1zali \u010do najlep\u0161ie vyrovna\u0165, musia z\u00edska\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o podstate svojho ochorenia a o mo\u017enostiach lie\u010dby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti k dispoz\u00edcii. Musia sa tie\u017e nau\u010di\u0165 v\u010das odhali\u0165 relapsy a vedie\u0165 proti nim zakro\u010di\u0165.<br><br>Kombin\u00e1ciou KBT seden\u00ed a pod\u00e1van\u00fdch liekov s\u00fa \u013eudia so schizofr\u00e9niou nakoniec schopn\u00ed identifikova\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acie faktory, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k ich psychotick\u00fdm epiz\u00f3dam, a zisti\u0165, ako ich zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 alebo zastavi\u0165.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-quote-rea-quote-block rea-quote-block front\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--background\" data-type=\"expert\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--icon attr-content-type\" data-type=\"expert\"><div class=\"content-type-icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area\"><p class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--content-type html-content-type-title\" data-type=\"expert\"><\/p><h5 class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--title html-title\"><\/h5><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--subtitle html-subtitle\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--reference html-reference\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--text html-text\"><em>&nbsp;\u201eOdkedy moja dc\u00e9ra za\u010dala so psychoterapiou, m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee u\u017e tak \u0165a\u017eko nebojuje so svojimi pr\u00edznakmi. Na jednej strane jej to pomohlo z\u00edska\u0165 vysvetlenia pre hlasy, ktor\u00e9 po\u010duje, a na druhej strane sa s nimi u\u010d\u00ed lep\u0161ie zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 a di\u0161tancova\u0165 sa od nich. Je to ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u00fa\u013eava vedie\u0165, \u017ee existuje niekto in\u00fd ako ja, nejak\u00fd profesion\u00e1l, s k\u00fdm sa m\u00f4\u017ee pravidelne rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o svojich probl\u00e9moch. Niekto, kto spochyb\u0148uje jej presved\u010denie bez toho, aby neust\u00e1le vznikali konflikty. U\u010d\u00ed sa tie\u017e zva\u017eova\u0165 alternat\u00edvne vysvetlenia svojich presved\u010den\u00ed. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee sa u\u010d\u00ed nielen ch\u00e1pa\u0165, ale aj lep\u0161ie zvl\u00e1da\u0165 svoje em\u00f3cie. V\u010faka svojmu kr\u00edzov\u00e9mu pl\u00e1nu je dobre pripraven\u00e1 na \u010fal\u0161ie kr\u00edzy a v\u010das vie, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee urobi\u0165.\u201c<\/em><br><br><em>\u2013 pani B. K., matka mladej \u017eeny so schizofr\u00e9niou<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>Rodinn\u00e1 terapia<\/strong><br><br>So schizofr\u00e9niou \u017eije ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u013eud\u00ed. Hoci v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina rodinn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov zvy\u010dajne rada poskytne pomoc, starostlivos\u0165 o bl\u00edzkeho so schizofr\u00e9niou m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre ka\u017ed\u00fa rodinu zdrvuj\u00faca. Rodinn\u00e1 terapia je prostriedok na podporu rodinn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov \u010dloveka so schizofr\u00e9niou, aby sa lep\u0161ie vyrovnali s ochoren\u00edm. Cie\u013eom je <strong>zabezpe\u010di\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fa snahu v\u0161etk\u00fdch v rodine<\/strong>, aby sa zlep\u0161ila situ\u00e1cia dan\u00e9ho \u010dloveka a celej rodiny.<br><br>Rodinn\u00e1 terapia pozost\u00e1va zo s\u00e9rie stretnut\u00ed v priebehu pribli\u017ene <strong>6 mesiacov<\/strong>. Stretnutia maj\u00fa jasn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru a pon\u00fakaj\u00fa odborn\u00e9 poradenstvo. Po\u010das t\u00fdchto stretnut\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eete prediskutova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o schizofr\u00e9nii, zisti\u0165, ako m\u00f4\u017eete podpori\u0165 svojho bl\u00edzkeho a rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 o sp\u00f4soboch rie\u0161enia praktick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch pr\u00edznakmi schizofr\u00e9nie.<br><br>Hlavnou v\u00fdhodou rodinnej terapie je, \u017ee pon\u00faka platformu na uzdravenie rodinnej dynamiky, ktor\u00e1 mohla vznikn\u00fa\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku ochorenia. Tieto stretnutia s\u00fa tie\u017e pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165ou na zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa schizofr\u00e9nie, spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mov, ako aj sp\u00f4sobov, ako zlep\u0161i\u0165 vyjadrovanie a uspokojovanie potrieb z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch. Tento typ psychoeduk\u00e1cie sa uk\u00e1zal ako ve\u013emi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd v rodinnej terapii. Okrem toho sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee rodinn\u00e9 intervencie v pr\u00edpade psych\u00f3zy zni\u017euj\u00fa mieru relapsu, d\u013a\u017eku trvania hospitaliz\u00e1cie a psychotick\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov, ako aj zvy\u0161uj\u00fa funk\u010dnos\u0165.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-quote-rea-quote-block rea-quote-block front\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--background\" data-type=\"expert\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--icon attr-content-type\" data-type=\"expert\"><div class=\"content-type-icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area\"><p class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--content-type html-content-type-title\" data-type=\"expert\"><\/p><h5 class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--title html-title\"><\/h5><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--subtitle html-subtitle\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--reference html-reference\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--text html-text\"><em>&nbsp;\u201eSpo\u010diatku sme boli vo\u010di rodinnej terapii dos\u0165 skeptick\u00ed\u2026 \u010c\u00edm viac sme sa v\u0161ak spolu s terapeutom stret\u00e1vali, t\u00fdm viac sme dok\u00e1zali tieto pr\u00edle\u017eitosti vyu\u017ei\u0165 na diskusiu o na\u0161ej spolupatri\u010dnosti, o tom, ako sa c\u00edtime a \u010do ako rodina potrebujeme. A samozrejme, hovorili sme aj o synovej chorobe. Dozvedeli sme sa ve\u013ea o tom, ako o \u0148om m\u00f4\u017eeme v rodine dobre hovori\u0165 alebo \u010do si \u017eel\u00e1, aby sme urobili v pr\u00edpade relapsu.\u201c<\/em><br><br><em>\u2013 pani F. M., matka chlapca so schizofr\u00e9niou<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>Precvi\u010dovanie soci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Precvi\u010dovanie soci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edva behavior\u00e1lnu terapiu na to, aby sa \u013eudia so schizofr\u00e9niou nau\u010dili <strong>lep\u0161ie komunikova\u0165 svoje em\u00f3cie<\/strong>. Je to d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 vtedy, ke\u010f maj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti s vyjadrovan\u00edm svojich em\u00f3ci\u00ed alebo sa im zhor\u0161uj\u00fa soci\u00e1lne interakcie.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/uprimna_kniha-1.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/uprimna_kniha-1.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/uprimna_kniha-1.png\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Tento typ precvi\u010dovania sa zameriava na nieko\u013eko aspektov vz\u0165ahu \u010dloveka s in\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi, od pou\u017e\u00edvania o\u010dn\u00e9ho kontaktu a gest a\u017e po zvl\u00e1danie negat\u00edvnych em\u00f3ci\u00ed. To im umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161ie sa orientova\u0165 vo vz\u0165ahoch a zni\u017euje stres a \u0165a\u017ekosti, ktor\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vo vz\u0165ahoch s priate\u013emi, rodinn\u00fdmi pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkmi alebo spolupracovn\u00edkmi. Okrem zlep\u0161enia soci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed tieto programy tie\u017e <strong>zlep\u0161uj\u00fa kvalitu \u017eivota <\/strong>\u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou a zni\u017euj\u00fa po\u010det relapsov.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-quote-rea-quote-block rea-quote-block front\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--background\" data-type=\"expert\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--icon attr-content-type\" data-type=\"expert\"><div class=\"content-type-icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area\"><p class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--content-type html-content-type-title\" data-type=\"expert\"><\/p><h5 class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--title html-title\"><\/h5><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--subtitle html-subtitle\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--reference html-reference\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--text html-text\"><em>\u201eKv\u00f4li psych\u00f3ze je n\u00e1\u0161 syn \u010doraz viac rezervovanej\u0161\u00ed a neistej\u0161\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci a dokonca aj medzi svojimi star\u00fdmi priate\u013emi. V tejto skupine soci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed m\u00e1 nielen viac kontaktov s rovesn\u00edkmi, ale m\u00f4\u017ee si tie\u017e precvi\u010di\u0165, ako nadviaza\u0165 kontakt s ostatn\u00fdmi, ako primerane vyjadri\u0165 svoje potreby a, \u010do je pre neho \u00faplne najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, ako poveda\u0165 &#8218;nie&#8216;, ke\u010f je nie\u010doho v konkr\u00e9tnej situ\u00e1cii a\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea.\u201c&nbsp;<\/em><br><br><em>\u2013 p\u00e1n P. F., otec chlapca so schizofr\u00e9niou<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongelektrokonvulzvna-terapiastrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Elektrokonvulz\u00edvna terapia<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Hoci je elektrokonvulz\u00edvna terapia (ECT) zn\u00e1ma u\u017e dlho, st\u00e1le o nej panuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 nepochopenie. \u010casto sa pova\u017euje za met\u00f3du \u201eposlednej in\u0161tancie\u201c, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuje lie\u010den\u00e9mu \u010dloveku ve\u013ek\u00fa boles\u0165. \u010ciasto\u010dne to mo\u017eno prip\u00edsa\u0165 sp\u00f4sobu, ak\u00fdm bola nespr\u00e1vne zobrazovan\u00e1 vo filmoch a telev\u00edznych rel\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. V skuto\u010dnosti je ECT <strong>bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 met\u00f3da<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edva vo vyslan\u00ed mal\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho v\u00fdboja do mozgu. Vykon\u00e1va sa tak, \u017ee sa na poko\u017eku hlavy umiestnia elektr\u00f3dy, cez ktor\u00e9 sa na ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tky \u010das pust\u00ed elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad, pri\u010dom pacient je je v celkovej anest\u00e9zii. Pr\u00fad sp\u00f4sobuje kr\u00e1tke, kontrolovan\u00e9 mozgov\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty.<br><br>Terapia ECT zvy\u010dajne zah\u0155\u0148a <strong>2 \u2013 3 <\/strong>aplik\u00e1cie t\u00fd\u017edenne po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Postupne sa pomocou ECT <strong>zlep\u0161uje n\u00e1lada a myslenie<\/strong>. Rozhodnutie o pou\u017eit\u00ed ECT je v\u017edy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na etick\u00fdch aspektoch a vy\u017eaduje si podp\u00edsan\u00fd s\u00fahlas pacienta.<br><br>Hoci sa ECT tradi\u010dne pou\u017e\u00edva na lie\u010dbu \u0165a\u017ekej depresie alebo bipol\u00e1rnej poruchy, niekedy sa pou\u017e\u00edva aj na lie\u010dbu pr\u00edznakov schizofr\u00e9nie, ako s\u00fa bludy, halucin\u00e1cie alebo dezorganizovan\u00e9 myslenie. Zvy\u010dajne sa pou\u017e\u00edva v kritick\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f lieky u\u017e nie s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 alebo ak lie\u010dbe schizofr\u00e9nie br\u00e1ni \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 depresia. V tomto oh\u013eade predstavuje ECT mnohokr\u00e1t \u017eivot zachra\u0148uj\u00faci z\u00e1sah.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongarteterapiastrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Arteterapia<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br>Arteterapia, typ psychoterapie zameranej na podporu \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti, vyu\u017e\u00edva umenie ako hlavn\u00fa met\u00f3du vyjadrenia sa a komunik\u00e1cie. Arteterapia zah\u0155\u0148a r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy vr\u00e1tane <strong>hudby, v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho umenia, pohybu a tanca, dr\u00e1my a divadla alebo p\u00edsania<\/strong>. \u010casto sa pri terapii pou\u017e\u00edva viac ako jeden typ met\u00f3dy. Arteterapia je navrhnut\u00e1 tak, aby <strong>podporovala kreat\u00edvne vyjadrenie.<\/strong><br><br>Spolupr\u00e1ca s umeleck\u00fdm terapeutom, \u010di u\u017e individu\u00e1lna alebo v mal\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch, m\u00f4\u017ee pon\u00faknu\u0165 nov\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 so schizofr\u00e9niou, ako aj podporu pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed alternat\u00edvnych sp\u00f4sobov vz\u0165ahov s in\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi. Ke\u010f\u017ee \u013eudia so schizofr\u00e9niou maj\u00fa tendenciu uzatv\u00e1ra\u0165 sa do seba, arteterapia im u\u013eah\u010duje zapoji\u0165 sa vtedy, ke\u010f sa priama verb\u00e1lna interakcia st\u00e1va \u0165a\u017ekou.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Art-therapy.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Art-therapy.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Art-therapy.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Arteterapia m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom so schizofr\u00e9niou vyjadri\u0165 to, ako sa c\u00edtia, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f je pre nich zdrvuj\u00face diskutova\u0165 o veciach alebo za\u017e\u00edva\u0165 odcudzenie od svojich pocitov. Okrem toho im m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u010deli\u0165 traumatick\u00fdm udalostiam z minulosti, ktor\u00e9 mohli zohra\u0165 \u00falohu pri vyprovokovan\u00ed ich psychotick\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitkov. Cie\u013eom vyu\u017eitia arteterapie je <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 kreativity, zlep\u0161i\u0165 schopnos\u0165 vyjadrova\u0165 svoje em\u00f3cie, zdokonali\u0165 komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti a z\u00edska\u0165 nadh\u013ead.<\/strong><br><br>Arteterapia umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotlivcom sprostredkova\u0165 a premieta\u0165 svoje sk\u00fasenosti vo svojom umen\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane emocion\u00e1lnych, kognit\u00edvnych a psychotick\u00fdch, a spracova\u0165 ich r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 im osobne vyhovuje. Aj ke\u010f nie je jasn\u00e9, ako a pre\u010do arteterapia funguje, existuj\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee pom\u00e1ha \u013eu\u010fom so schizofr\u00e9niou kontrolova\u0165 ich psych\u00f3zu. Pom\u00e1ha im tie\u017e lep\u0161ie porozumie\u0165 tak\u00fdm sympt\u00f3mom, ako s\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie alebo bludy. Okrem toho existuj\u00fa d\u00f4kazy, \u017ee arteterapia m\u00f4\u017ee u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 zotavenie, najm\u00e4 u \u013eud\u00ed s negat\u00edvnymi sympt\u00f3mami. Arteterapia je teda terapeutmi aj \u013eu\u010fmi so schizofr\u00e9niou pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za prospe\u0161n\u00fa a zmyslupln\u00fa intervenciu.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongterapia-s-pomocou-domcich-zvieratstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Terapia s pomocou dom\u00e1cich zvierat<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pt-therayp.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pt-therayp.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pt-therayp.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1 maj\u00fa pozit\u00edvny vplyv na n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. M\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1m pom\u00f4c\u0165 zmierni\u0165 boles\u0165, ke\u010f \u010del\u00edme chronick\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, osamelosti alebo depresii, a daj\u00fa n\u00e1m mo\u017enos\u0165 zamera\u0165 sa na zmysel \u017eivota. Preto sa v terapii pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa u\u017e st\u00e1ro\u010dia. Terapia s pomocou zvierat zah\u0155\u0148a zvierat\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci lie\u010debn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu, ako emocion\u00e1lnu podporu alebo ako pomocn\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 vycvi\u010den\u00e9 na pomoc pri ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch \u010dinnostiach. Hoci sa pri terapii s pomocou zvierat pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 psy, m\u00f4\u017eu sa vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj kone, ma\u010dky, vt\u00e1ky a in\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1.<br><br>Pozit\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok dom\u00e1cich zvierat sa sk\u00famal aj u \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou. Jedna \u0161t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 psa po\u010das terapeutick\u00fdch seden\u00ed zlep\u0161ila anhed\u00f3niu, motiv\u00e1ciu a sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edvali vo\u013en\u00fd \u010das. Zlep\u0161ila sa aj schopnos\u0165 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov socializova\u0165 sa a sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm vn\u00edmali sami seba. In\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie zaznamenali zlep\u0161enie troch typov pr\u00edznakov schizofr\u00e9nie: pozit\u00edvnych, negat\u00edvnych a kognit\u00edvnych.<br><br><strong>Vlastnenie dom\u00e1ceho zviera\u0165a m\u00e1 radu v\u00fdhod<\/strong> pre \u013eud\u00ed s dlhodob\u00fdmi psychick\u00fdmi poruchami. Dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1 sa \u010dasto pova\u017euj\u00fa za rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ako \u010dlenovia rodiny, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a d\u00f4vern\u00fd vz\u0165ah. Taktie\u017e s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 odvr\u00e1ti\u0165 pozornos\u0165 od stresuj\u00facich pr\u00edznakov a nepr\u00edjemn\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitkov a podpori\u0165 fyzick\u00fa aktivitu. Dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1 poskytuj\u00fa \u00fatechu v \u010dase, ke\u010f s\u00fa vz\u0165ahy s priate\u013emi alebo rodinou obmedzen\u00e9 alebo \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9.<br><br>Pom\u00e1haj\u00fa tie\u017e rozv\u00edja\u0165 rutinu, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje emocion\u00e1lnu a soci\u00e1lnu podporu. T\u00fdm, \u017ee sa o ne treba stara\u0165, poskytuj\u00fa pocit kontroly, ktor\u00fd \u013eudia so schizofr\u00e9niou nem\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1js\u0165 v in\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1 pozit\u00edvny vplyv na stigmatiz\u00e1ciu s\u00favisiacu s psychick\u00fdmi poruchami, preto\u017ee svojim majite\u013eom poskytuj\u00fa pocit, \u017ee s\u00fa akceptovan\u00ed.<br>V\u010faka tomu m\u00f4\u017ee vlastn\u00edctvo dom\u00e1cich zvierat a terapia s pomocou zvierat taktie\u017e prispie\u0165 k psychosoci\u00e1lnej rehabilit\u00e1cii a zlep\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu \u017eivota \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongstrongstrongstrongterapeutick-komunitystrongstrongstrongstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong><strong><strong><strong>Terapeutick\u00e9 komunity<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Terapeutick\u00e9 komunity s\u00fa mal\u00e9 s\u00fadr\u017en\u00e9 skupiny, v ktor\u00fdch si \u013eudia m\u00f4\u017eu precvi\u010di\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti spoluna\u017e\u00edvania s in\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi a z\u00edska\u0165 pomoc pri pom\u00e1han\u00ed in\u00fdm. P\u00f4vodne vyvinut\u00e9 na rehabilit\u00e1ciu psychicky traumatizovan\u00fdch vojakov, terapeutick\u00e9 komunity sa \u00faspe\u0161ne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri lie\u010dbe z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch psychick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ako je schizofr\u00e9nia. Ich \u0161trukt\u00fara je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na zodpovednosti, spolupr\u00e1ci a komunik\u00e1cii, pri\u010dom \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu \u017ei\u0165 v komunite ako rezidenti alebo sa nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t t\u00fd\u017edenne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 na skupinov\u00fdch stretnutiach. Cie\u013eom je poskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom so psychickou poruchou prostredie podobn\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9mu, kde dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa nepretr\u017eit\u00fa podporu, maj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 zlep\u0161i\u0165 si svoje soci\u00e1lne vz\u0165ahy a znovu n\u00e1js\u0165 zmysel \u017eivota. V tomto oh\u013eade samotn\u00e1 komunita funguje ako n\u00e1stroj terapie.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongprogresvna-svalov-relaxciastrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Progres\u00edvna svalov\u00e1 relax\u00e1cia<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Progres\u00edvna svalov\u00e1 relax\u00e1cia (PMR) je technika hlbokej relax\u00e1cie zalo\u017een\u00e1 na opakovanom nap\u00ednan\u00ed a uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00ed jednej svalovej skupiny za druhou, ktor\u00e9 je synchronizovan\u00e9 s d\u00fdchan\u00edm. PMR sa \u00faspe\u0161ne pou\u017e\u00edva na <strong>kontrolu stresu a \u00fazkosti<\/strong>, zmiernenie nespavosti a minimaliz\u00e1ciu niektor\u00fdch typov chronickej bolesti. M\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj na zn\u00ed\u017eenie stresu a \u00fazkosti u \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou, \u010do vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu subjekt\u00edvnej pohody.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongvideohrystrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Videohry<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Videohry s\u00fa relat\u00edvne novou met\u00f3dou lie\u010dby schizofr\u00e9nie. Hoci s\u00fa \u010dasto vn\u00edman\u00e9 ako podpora intelektu\u00e1lnej pohodlnosti alebo sedav\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota, videohry v skuto\u010dnosti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa <strong>hr\u00e1\u010dom rozv\u00edja\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu kognit\u00edvnych schopnost\u00ed a zlep\u0161uj\u00fa plasticitu mozgu. <\/strong>Hry \u2013 najm\u00e4 tie, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa pohyb a fyzick\u00e9 cvi\u010denie (tzv. exergames) \u2013 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa kognit\u00edvne schopnosti a motiv\u00e1ciu mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou.<br><br>M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e zlep\u0161i\u0165 ich emocion\u00e1lny stav, n\u00e1ladu a soci\u00e1lne zru\u010dnosti a m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 atrakt\u00edvnou alternat\u00edvou fyzickej aktivity. Okrem toho v\u00fdskum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee hran\u00edm videohier mo\u017eno \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou nau\u010di\u0165, ako <strong>lep\u0161ie ovl\u00e1da\u0165 verb\u00e1lne halucin\u00e1cie.<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongtelemedicnastrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Telemedic\u00edna<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Po\u010das pand\u00e9mie sa v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eila mo\u017enos\u0165 osobnej n\u00e1v\u0161tevy u lek\u00e1ra. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1rastu pou\u017e\u00edvania aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed na video chat, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enili \u013eu\u010fom vidie\u0165 sa a porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 sa pomocou smartf\u00f3nov alebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov. Okrem toho, \u017ee tieto aplik\u00e1cie umo\u017enili \u013eu\u010fom udr\u017eiava\u0165 kontakt a de\u0165om pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom online tried, poskytli pacientom mo\u017enos\u0165 hovori\u0165 so svojimi lek\u00e1rmi a z\u00edska\u0165 tak potrebn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165, pri\u010dom sa minimalizovalo ich vystavenie v\u00edrusu alebo in\u00fdm chor\u00fdm pacientom.<br><br>Hoci tieto technol\u00f3gie maj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 vlastn\u00e9 obmedzenia (t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa najm\u00e4 kvality vy\u0161etren\u00ed a efekt\u00edvnosti poskytovania zdravotnej starostlivosti), boli sme svedkami za\u010diatku digit\u00e1lnej transform\u00e1cie vz\u0165ahu lek\u00e1r \u2013 pacient, ktor\u00e1 pacientom poskytla z\u00e1kladn\u00fd pr\u00edstup k zdravotnej starostlivosti po\u010das ve\u013ekej kr\u00edzy verejn\u00e9ho zdravia a z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska pravdepodobne zmen\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm komunikujeme so svoj\u00edm lek\u00e1rom.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongurenie-sprvnej-liebystrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Ur\u010denie spr\u00e1vnej lie\u010dby<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">N\u00e1js\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu lie\u010dbu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre \u010dloveka so schizofr\u00e9niou \u010dasto ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. D\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tejto cesty je <strong>pochopenie a n\u00e1jdenie met\u00f3d<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho a jeho pr\u00edznaky najvhodnej\u0161ie. Po\u010das tohto procesu je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 by\u0165 trpezliv\u00fd. Napriek silnej t\u00fa\u017ebe po odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed pr\u00edznakov m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotlivec vlastn\u00fa cestu h\u013eadania lie\u010dby, ktor\u00e1 je pre neho osobne najvhodnej\u0161ia.<br><br>Hoci sa tento proces m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, existuje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo opatren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1m ho u\u013eah\u010dia. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je <strong>podeli\u0165 sa o svoje sk\u00fasenosti<\/strong> s lie\u010debn\u00fdm t\u00edmom. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby t\u00edm jasne poznal a pochopil sympt\u00f3my, aby mohol vytvori\u0165 individu\u00e1lny lie\u010debn\u00fd pl\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd je pre v\u00e1\u0161ho bl\u00edzkeho skuto\u010dne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd.<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.23.09.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.23.09.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Schermata-2023-12-13-alle-18.23.09.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-references-rea-references-block rea-references-block front\"><div class=\"rea-references-block__references\"><p class=\"references-title\">Zdroje<\/p><ol class=\"references-list\"><li>Altamura AC, Fagiolini A, Galderisi S, Rocca P, Rossi A. Integrated treatment of schizophrenia. Journal of Psychopathology 2015; 21:168-193<\/li><li>U\u00e7ok A, Gaebel W. Side effects of atypical antipsychotics: a brief overview. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric. Association (WPA) 2008. 7(1), 58\u201362. https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00154.x<\/li><li>Caponnetto P, Polosa R, Robson D, Bauld L. Tobacco smoking, related harm and motivation to quit smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Health psychology research vol. 8,1 9042. 27 May. 2020, doi:10.4081\/hpr.2020.9042<\/li><li>Haddad PM, Brain C, Scott J. Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2014;5:43-62. Published 2014 Jun 23. doi:10.2147\/PROM.S42735<\/li><li>Falkai P, Malchow B, Wobrock T. et al. The effect of aerobic exercise on cortical rchitecture in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a randomized controlled MRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 263, 469\u2013473 (2013). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-012-0383-y\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-012-0383-y<\/a><\/li><li>Farholm A, S\u00f8rensen M. Motivation for physical activity and exercise in severe mental illness: A systematic review of cross-sectional studies. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2016 Apr;25(2):116-26. doi: 10.1111\/inm.12217. Epub 2016 Feb 1. PMID: 26833453.<\/li><li>Jingxuan H. Art Therapy: A Complementary Treatment for Mental Disorders. Front. Psychol. 12 August 2021. https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.686005&nbsp;<\/li><li>Vancampfort D, De Hert M, Knapen J, Maurissen K, Raepsaet J, Deckx S, Remans S, Probst M. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on state anxiety and subjective well-being in people with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011 Jun;25(6):56775. doi: 10.1177\/0269215510395633. Epub 2011 Mar 14. PMID: 21402653.<\/li><li>Nathans-Barel I, Feldman P, Berger B, Modai I, Silver H. Animal-assisted therapy ameliorates anhedonia in schizophrenia patients. A controlled pilot study. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74(1):31-5. doi: 10.1159\/000082024. PMID: 15627854.<\/li><li>Hosak L. Electroconvulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia. World J Psychiatry Ment Health Res. 2018; 2(1): 1008<\/li><li>Almerie MQ, Okba Al Marhi M, Jawoosh M, Alsabbagh M, Matar HE, Maayan N, Bergman H. Social skills programmes for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 9;2015(6):CD009006. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD009006.pub2. PMID: 26059249; PMCID: PMC7033904.<\/li><li>Camacho-Gomez M, Castellvi P. Effectiveness of Family Intervention for Preventing Relapse in First-Episode Psychosis Until 24 Months of Follow-up: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Schizophr Bull. 2020 Jan 4;46(1):98-109. doi: 10.1093\/schbul\/sbz038. PMID: 31050757; PMCID: PMC6942164.<\/li><li>Reeves JJ, Ayers JW, Longhurst CA. Telehealth in the COVID-19 Era: A Balancing Act to Avoid Harm. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Feb 1;23(2):e24785.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Therapeutic amends","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Therapeutic amends","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-4805","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Terapeutick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti - Schizofrenia.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lie\u010dba schizofr\u00e9nie u v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zah\u0155\u0148a kombin\u00e1ciu medikament\u00f3znej lie\u010dby a terapie rozhovormi spolu so soci\u00e1lnym n\u00e1cvikom.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/terapeuticke-moznosti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Terapeutick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti - 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