{"id":4717,"date":"2023-12-18T10:15:47","date_gmt":"2023-12-18T09:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/?page_id=4717"},"modified":"2024-10-07T11:49:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T10:49:00","slug":"schizofrenia-v-hladaciku","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/","title":{"rendered":"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-inpage-nav-rea-inpage-nav-block rea-inpage-nav-block front has-margin\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png)\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"inpage-nav-background\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png\"\/><\/div><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content--wrapper\"><div class=\"text-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"inpage-nav-title\">Kr\u00e1tky poh\u013ead na schizofr\u00e9niu<\/h2><ul class=\"inpage-nav-list\"><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"section-nav\"><h4 class=\"section-nav--title\">Obsah sekcie<\/h4><div class=\"section-nav--nav-items js-inpage-nav-items\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-blocked\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration left\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/schizophrenia-in-a-view.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 72%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/schizophrenia-in-a-view.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-left\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 data-short=\"\" id=\"strongo-je-to-schizofrnia-strong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>\u010co je to schizofr\u00e9nia? <\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Schizofr\u00e9nia je chronick\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u010dlovek <strong>posudzuje, vn\u00edma a spr\u00e1va sa. <\/strong>U \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou doch\u00e1dza k poruch\u00e1m vn\u00edmania sveta a vyjadrovania sa. \u010casto sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee stratili kontakt s realitou, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my im, ich rodinn\u00fdm pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkom a priate\u013eom.<br><br>\u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 probl\u00e9my s rozozn\u00e1van\u00edm reality od fant\u00e1zie. M\u00f4\u017eu sa ob\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee im ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa my\u0161lienky a tajne im pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165. M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e po\u010du\u0165, vidie\u0165, c\u00edti\u0165 alebo sa dot\u00fdka\u0165 vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 neexistuj\u00fa. Inokedy m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 probl\u00e9my s c\u00edten\u00edm, vn\u00edman\u00edm a vyjadrovan\u00edm em\u00f3ci\u00ed. Ke\u010f\u017ee ich my\u0161lienkov\u00fd postup je zmenen\u00fd, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 probl\u00e9my so s\u00fastreden\u00edm alebo s rozhodovan\u00edm. Aj \u010dinnosti, ktor\u00e9 ich predt\u00fdm bavili, im u\u017e nemusia prin\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 pote\u0161enie.<br>&nbsp;<br>Tieto pr\u00edznaky maj\u00fa v\u00e1\u017eny vplyv na ich ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a vz\u0165ahy. Schizofr\u00e9nia je menej \u010dast\u00e1 ako in\u00e9 psychick\u00e9 poruchy a trp\u00ed \u0148ou <strong>pribli\u017ene 24 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong> na celom svete, \u010do predstavuje <strong>0,32 %<\/strong> svetovej popul\u00e1cie. Schizofr\u00e9nia sa vyskytuje v podobnej miere u v\u0161etk\u00fdch pohlav\u00ed, r\u00e1s, etnick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1lnych skup\u00edn.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongkedy-sa-objavuj-prznaky-strong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Kedy sa objavuj\u00fa pr\u00edznaky? <\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Prv\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky schizofr\u00e9nie sa zvy\u010dajne u&nbsp;\u013eud\u00ed objavia v obdob\u00ed neskorej puberty a za\u010diatkom tridsiatich rokov. Mu\u017ei a \u017eeny maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fa pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku tejto poruchy. U mu\u017eov sa pr\u00edznaky objavuj\u00fa sk\u00f4r, od neskorej adolescencie a\u017e po za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00facu dospelos\u0165. U \u017eien je vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko v\u00fdskytu pr\u00edznakov v neskor\u00fdch <strong>20. a\u017e skor\u00fdch 30. rokoch<\/strong>. T\u00e1to porucha sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165 aj vo veku <strong>45 \u2013 50 rokov<\/strong>.<br>&nbsp;<br>Vzh\u013eadom na svoju \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu prejavov <strong>je schizofr\u00e9nia jednou z najkomplexnej\u0161\u00edch du\u0161evn\u00fdch por\u00fach<\/strong>. Aj ke\u010f ide o chronick\u00fa poruchu, d\u00e1 sa lie\u010di\u0165 liekmi. Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska m\u00f4\u017ee \u017eivot \u013eud\u00ed s t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161i\u0165 psychoterapia a psychosoci\u00e1lna lie\u010dba.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongak-s-rizikov-faktory-schizofrniestrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rizikov\u00e9 faktory schizofr\u00e9nie?<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Za posledn\u00fdch nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed sme sa o schizofr\u00e9nii nau\u010dili ve\u013ea. Av\u0161ak, <strong>presn\u00fd p\u00f4vod tejto poruchy nie je zn\u00e1my.<\/strong> Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee by to mohlo by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 interakciou medzi <strong>g\u00e9nmi a faktormi prostredia<\/strong>.<br>&nbsp;<br><strong>G\u00e9ny<\/strong> zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri schizofr\u00e9nii ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu. \u0160t\u00fadie nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee sa na tom m\u00f4\u017ee podie\u013ea\u0165 mnoho r\u00f4znych g\u00e9nov, pr\u00ed\u010dinou poruchy v\u0161ak nie je jedin\u00fd g\u00e9n.<br>&nbsp;<br>Je tie\u017e jasn\u00e9, \u017ee g\u00e9ny nie s\u00fa priamou pr\u00ed\u010dinou schizofr\u00e9nie. Ide sk\u00f4r o to, \u017ee podporuj\u00fa n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 jednotlivcov na vznik tohto ochorenia.<br>&nbsp;<br>Existuj\u00fa aj d\u00f4kazy o genetickej predispoz\u00edcii \u2013 zdie\u013eanie rovnakej DNA s&nbsp;\u010dlovekom, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 schizofr\u00e9niu, zvy\u0161uje pravdepodobnos\u0165 jej vzniku. Ak ide o bl\u00edzkeho pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho, riziko je <strong>15-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ie<\/strong>. Ak je v\u0161ak t\u00fdmto pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdm jednovaje\u010dn\u00e9 dvoj\u010da, riziko sa zvy\u0161uje na pribli\u017ene <strong>50 %.<\/strong><br>&nbsp;<br><strong>V\u00fdvinov\u00e9 faktory a faktory prostredia<\/strong> s\u00fa chudoba, stres, v\u00edrusy, tox\u00edny, probl\u00e9my s v\u00fd\u017eivou pred naroden\u00edm, ako aj tehotensk\u00e9 a p\u00f4rodn\u00e9 komplik\u00e1cie. Rizikov\u00e9 faktory m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165 aj \u017eivot v oblasti s hustou popul\u00e1ciou alebo rodinn\u00e9 z\u00e1zemie definovan\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm a&nbsp;traumou, ako aj stresuj\u00face sk\u00fasenosti so \u0161ikanovan\u00edm.<br>&nbsp;<br>Dospievanie sa pova\u017euje za zlomov\u00fd bod vo v\u00fdvoji schizofr\u00e9nie. Po\u010das tohto obdobia telesn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja prech\u00e1dza mozog viacer\u00fdmi zmenami, preto\u017ee dospieva. V pr\u00edpade zranite\u013en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu tieto zmeny vyvola\u0165 psychotick\u00e9 epiz\u00f3dy.<br>&nbsp;<br><strong>U\u017e\u00edvanie psychoakt\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok<\/strong> sa tie\u017e pova\u017euje za rizikov\u00fd faktor pri vzniku schizofr\u00e9nie, najm\u00e4 v obdob\u00ed dospievania. Pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho sa na vzniku tejto poruchy priamo podie\u013ea napr\u00edklad marihuana v kombin\u00e1cii s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdmi rizikov\u00fdmi faktormi.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongako-schizofrnia-ovplyvuje-mozogstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Ako schizofr\u00e9nia ovplyv\u0148uje mozog?<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Influence-brain-1-scaled.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Influence-brain-1-scaled.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Influence-brain-1-scaled.jpg\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Schizofr\u00e9nia m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu sympt\u00f3mov. Aby sme pochopili tieto pr\u00edznaky, mus\u00edme sa najprv pozrie\u0165 na to, \u010do sa deje v mozgu \u010dloveka s touto poruchou. V\u00fdskum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee u \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou mozgov\u00e9 bunky pracuj\u00fa a komunikuj\u00fa medzi sebou inak.<br>&nbsp;<br><strong>\u00daLOHA NEUROTRANSMITEROV <\/strong><br><br>Neurotransmitery s\u00fa chemick\u00ed poslovia, ktor\u00ed pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie medzi mozgov\u00fdmi bunkami. Pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea alebo pr\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo t\u00fdchto poslov m\u00e1 vplyv na celkov\u00e9 fungovanie mozgu. Jedn\u00fdm z najviac sk\u00faman\u00fdch neurotransmiterov pri schizofr\u00e9nii je<strong> dopam\u00edn<\/strong>, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd tie\u017e ako neurotransmiter \u201edobrej n\u00e1lady\u201c, ktor\u00fd zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri myslen\u00ed, vn\u00edman\u00ed a motiv\u00e1cii. Pri schizofr\u00e9nii m\u00f4\u017ee<strong> pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea dopam\u00ednu <\/strong>v niektor\u00fdch \u010dastiach mozgu vies\u0165 k halucin\u00e1ci\u00e1m alebo bludom. Na druhej strane, <strong>nedostatok dopam\u00ednu<\/strong> v in\u00fdch \u010dastiach mozgu m\u00f4\u017ee vysvet\u013eova\u0165 nedostatok motiv\u00e1cie a energie, ktor\u00fd je typick\u00fd pre schizofr\u00e9niu. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu m\u00f4\u017eu zohr\u00e1va\u0165 aj in\u00e9 neurotransmitery, napr\u00edklad GABA, glutam\u00e1t a s\u00e9roton\u00edn (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj \u201eneurotransmiter \u0161\u0165astia\u201c).<br><br>Tieto zmeny m\u00f4\u017eu vysvet\u013eova\u0165 pr\u00edznaky, ako je oneskorenie pam\u00e4te, probl\u00e9my s prep\u00ednan\u00edm medzi \u00falohami alebo pocit nes\u00fastredenosti. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tie\u017e pr\u00ed\u010dinou zl\u00e9ho \u00fasudku alebo nepredv\u00eddania d\u00f4sledkov.<br>&nbsp;<br><strong>SIE\u0164 PREDVOLEN\u00c9HO RE\u017dIMU<\/strong><br><br>Niektor\u00e9 oblasti v mozgu sa aktivuj\u00fa, ke\u010f nech\u00e1me svoje my\u0161lienky vo\u013ene plyn\u00fa\u0165. To n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00edva\u0165 a spracov\u00e1va\u0165 my\u0161lienky a spomienky. Vedci to naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u201epredvolen\u00fd re\u017eim\u201c (default mode) a oblasti mozgu, ktor\u00e9 sa na \u0148om podie\u013eaj\u00fa, \u201esie\u0165 predvolen\u00e9ho re\u017eimu\u201c (default mode network). U \u013eud\u00ed so <strong>schizofr\u00e9niou s\u00fa tieto oblasti takmer nepretr\u017eite v nadmernej prev\u00e1dzke. <\/strong>To im s\u0165a\u017euje pozornos\u0165 alebo zapam\u00e4tanie si inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongak-s-prznaky-schizofrniestrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edznaky schizofr\u00e9nie?<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>1. POZIT\u00cdVNE PR\u00cdZNAKY<\/strong><br><br>Pozit\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky (\u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u201epsychotick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky\u201c) s\u00fa my\u0161lienky a prejavy, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 u zdrav\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. M\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch nieko\u013eko pozit\u00edvnych pr\u00edznakov naraz. Patria medzi ne:<br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-list-rea-list-block rea-list-block front\"><div class=\"rea-list-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"list-unordered list\"><p><strong>HALUCIN\u00c1CIE:<\/strong> po\u010dutie, videnie alebo c\u00edtenie vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00e9 a ktor\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed nie s\u00fa schopn\u00ed vn\u00edma\u0165. M\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 po\u010dutie zvukov, hudby, \u0161epotu alebo hlasov, videnie predmetov, z\u00e1bleskov alebo os\u00f4b, vn\u00edmanie text\u00far alebo predmetov, vn\u00edmanie chut\u00ed alebo v\u00f4ne vec\u00ed. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie halucin\u00e1cie zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa po\u010dutie hlasov, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto kritizuj\u00fa alebo sa vyhr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa, zvy\u010dajne vo forme dial\u00f3gu. Tieto hlasy m\u00f4\u017eu \u010dloveku hovori\u0165, aby robil veci, ktor\u00e9 by inak nerobil.<\/p><p><strong>BLUDY:<\/strong> nevyvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00e9 falo\u0161n\u00e9 presved\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed nezdie\u013eaj\u00fa a m\u00f4\u017eu sa javi\u0165 ako bizarn\u00e9. \u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou sa \u010dasto domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee s\u00fa prenasledovan\u00ed alebo \u0161pehovan\u00ed. Inokedy veria, \u017ee im ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa my\u0161lienky alebo \u017ee maj\u00fa zvl\u00e1\u0161tnu moc \u010di schopnosti. M\u00f4\u017ee sa vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 nieko\u013eko typov bludov naraz.<\/p><p><strong>PORUCHY MYSLENIA A RE\u010cI<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa zm\u00e4ten\u00fa a neusporiadan\u00fa re\u010d a myslenie. Pacienti sa \u010dasto zastavuj\u00fa uprostred vety. M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e sp\u00e1ja\u0165 slov\u00e1 bez logick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, hovori\u0165 o veciach, ktor\u00e9 s t\u00e9mou nes\u00favisia alebo preskakova\u0165 z jednej my\u0161lienky na druh\u00fa. Ich re\u010d sa tak m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 \u0165a\u017eko zrozumite\u013enou.<\/p><p><strong>BIZARN\u00c9 SPR\u00c1VANIE<\/strong> sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavova\u0165 v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1ch, od detinsk\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania a\u017e po neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 rozru\u0161enie. Niekedy m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dlovek zauja\u0165 bizarn\u00e9 dr\u017eanie tela alebo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 nadmern\u00e9 pohyby. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e vzdorova\u0165 pokynom alebo v\u00f4bec nereagova\u0165.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br><strong>2. NEGAT\u00cdVNE PR\u00cdZNAKY<\/strong><br><br>Negat\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa my\u0161lienky a spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 schizofr\u00e9nia potl\u00e1\u010da alebo znemo\u017e\u0148uje, ako napr\u00edklad motiv\u00e1ciu alebo schopnos\u0165 vyjadrova\u0165 em\u00f3cie. V porovnan\u00ed s pozit\u00edvnymi sa tie\u017e \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie lie\u010dia. Medzi negat\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky patria:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-list-rea-list-block rea-list-block front\"><div class=\"rea-list-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"list-unordered list\"><p><strong>ZN\u00cd\u017dEN\u00c9 PREJAVY EM\u00d3CI\u00cd (<\/strong>naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 tie\u017e<strong> <strong>\u201eemocion\u00e1lne otupenie\u201c<\/strong> <\/strong>alebo<strong> <strong>\u201eemocion\u00e1lne splo\u0161tenie\u201c<\/strong>): <\/strong>ovplyv\u0148uje re\u010d, mimiku a dokonca aj pohyb. Re\u010d \u010dloveka sa st\u00e1va jednotv\u00e1rna, s tup\u00fdm, monot\u00f3nnym hlasom. Jeho tv\u00e1r nevykazuje \u017eiadne em\u00f3cie a m\u00f4\u017ee sa dokonca vyh\u00fdba\u0165 o\u010dn\u00e9mu kontaktu.<\/p><p><strong>ZN\u00cd\u017dEN\u00c1 SCHOPNOS\u0164 RE\u010cI (<\/strong>naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 tie\u017e <strong><strong>\u201eal\u00f3gia\u201c<\/strong>): <\/strong>re\u010d je obmedzen\u00e1 a ve\u013emi chudobn\u00e1. Odpovede m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 oneskoren\u00e9 a m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 kr\u00e1tke alebo jednoslovn\u00e9 vety. To vytv\u00e1ra dojem vn\u00fatornej pr\u00e1zdnoty.<\/p><p><strong><strong>ZN\u00cd\u017dEN\u00c1 SCHOPNOS\u0164<\/strong> PRE\u017d\u00cdVA\u0164 POTE\u0160ENIE (<\/strong>naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 tie\u017e<strong> <strong>\u201eanhed\u00f3nia\u201c<\/strong>): <\/strong>mal\u00fd alebo \u017eiadny z\u00e1ujem o \u010dinnosti, ktor\u00e9 kedysi prin\u00e1\u0161ali rados\u0165. Tieto \u010dinnosti zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa po\u010d\u00favanie hudby, z\u00e1hradk\u00e1r\u010denie alebo dokonca jedenie. Ovplyvnen\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj pocity vo\u010di bl\u00edzkym.<\/p><p><strong>NEDOSTATOK MOTIV\u00c1CIE (<\/strong>naz\u00fdvan\u00fd tie\u017e<strong> <strong>\u201eab\u00falia\u201c<\/strong>): <\/strong>v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd pocit motiv\u00e1cie a zmyslu. Prejavuje sa aj ako neschopnos\u0165 realizova\u0165 pl\u00e1ny. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee tieto prejavy s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 poruchou, a nie nedostato\u010dnou silou v\u00f4le.<\/p><p><strong>SOCI\u00c1LNE STIAHNUTIE SA (<\/strong>alebo <strong><strong>\u201easocialita\u201c<\/strong>):<\/strong> zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd z\u00e1ujem o vytv\u00e1ranie bl\u00edzkych vz\u0165ahov s ostatn\u00fdmi. To vedie k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zn\u00ed\u017eeniu soci\u00e1lnych interakci\u00ed.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br><strong>3. KO<strong>GNIT\u00cdVNE PR\u00cdZNAKY<\/strong><\/strong><br><br>Kognit\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa myslenie a&nbsp;n\u00e1ladu \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou a ved\u00fa k zhor\u0161eniu v\u00fdkonov v \u0161kole a v pr\u00e1ci. Zvy\u010dajne sa objavuj\u00fa pred pozit\u00edvnymi pr\u00edznakmi a \u010dasto s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 aj po ich odznen\u00ed.<br><br>Medzi kognit\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky patria probl\u00e9my <strong>s pozornos\u0165ou, koncentr\u00e1ciou a pam\u00e4\u0165ou<\/strong>. \u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou maj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti s u\u010den\u00edm sa nov\u00fdch vec\u00ed alebo so spracovan\u00edm inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, aby sa mohli rozhodova\u0165. M\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 tie\u017e probl\u00e9my so s\u00fastreden\u00edm a pozornos\u0165ou, \u010dasto kv\u00f4li halucin\u00e1ci\u00e1m. Ke\u010f\u017ee nie s\u00fa schopn\u00ed spr\u00e1vne reagova\u0165 na okolie, \u010dasto komunikuj\u00fa \u010do najmenej.<br><br>Kognit\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa vykon\u00e1vanie ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. V d\u00f4sledku toho m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 jedn\u00fdm z najviac vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00facich aspektov schizofr\u00e9nie.<br><br>\u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou si \u010dasto neuvedomuj\u00fa, \u017ee trpia touto poruchou. Tento nedostatok n\u00e1h\u013eadu, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj \u201eanozogn\u00f3zia\u201c m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee ich lie\u010dba a starostlivos\u0165 o nich bude ove\u013ea n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia.<br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><br><strong>4. AFEKT\u00cdVNE <strong><strong>PR\u00cdZNAKY<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><br><br>Popri uveden\u00fdch pr\u00edznakoch sa u \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa aj afekt\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky, ako s\u00fa depresia a \u00fazkos\u0165. Depresia sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytova\u0165 a\u017e u <strong>80 %<\/strong> \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou a m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 cel\u00fd rad negat\u00edvnych d\u00f4sledkov: zvy\u0161uje riziko op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vratu (relapsu), vedie k hor\u0161iemu soci\u00e1lnemu fungovaniu a zhor\u0161uje kvalitu \u017eivota. Depresia tie\u017e zvy\u0161uje riziko samovra\u017edy: takmer dve tretiny \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou, ktor\u00ed si siahli na \u017eivot, to urobili po\u010das depres\u00edvnych pr\u00edznakov. Pribli\u017ene polovica \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou m\u00e1 samovra\u017eedn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky a poruchy n\u00e1lad, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa bu\u010f pr\u00edznakom ochorenia, alebo s\u00fa d\u00f4sledkom stresu a soci\u00e1lnych probl\u00e9mov sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch schizofr\u00e9niou. Okrem toho m\u00e1 pribli\u017ene <strong>30 %<\/strong> pacientov obsedantno-kompulz\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 sa prejavuj\u00fa ako opakuj\u00face sa, vtierav\u00e9 a ne\u017eiaduce my\u0161lienky, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti a depresiu.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongschizofrnia-vykazuje-tri-fzystrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Schizofr\u00e9nia vykazuje tri f\u00e1zy<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Jej priebeh z\u00e1vis\u00ed od viacer\u00fdch faktorov: kedy sa pr\u00edznaky za\u010dn\u00fa prejavova\u0165, ak\u00e1 je ich z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 a ak\u00e9 dlh\u00e9 maj\u00fa trvanie. Skor\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky sa \u010dasto objavuj\u00fa postupne a \u010dasom sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi a zjavnej\u0161\u00edmi.<br><br>U jednotliv\u00fdch os\u00f4b sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 obdobia zhor\u0161enia a zlep\u0161enia pr\u00edznakov. Obdobia zhor\u0161enia pr\u00edznakov sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa vzplanutia alebo relapsy. Lie\u010dbou sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto pr\u00edznakov m\u00f4\u017ee zmierni\u0165 alebo vymizn\u00fa\u0165 (najm\u00e4 tie pozit\u00edvne). Remisia sa vz\u0165ahuje na obdobie bez pr\u00edznakov alebo len s miernymi pr\u00edznakmi.<br><br>Hoci sa priebeh ochorenia u jednotliv\u00fdch os\u00f4b l\u00ed\u0161i, je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozdeli\u0165 ho do troch odli\u0161n\u00fdch f\u00e1z: <strong>prodrom\u00e1lna, ak\u00fatna, a rezidu\u00e1lna.<\/strong><br>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong>1. PRODROM\u00c1LNA F\u00c1ZA<\/strong><br><br>Prodrom\u00e1lna znamen\u00e1 f\u00e1zu \u201epred poruchou\u201c. V tejto f\u00e1ze, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 <strong>2 \u2013 5 rokov<\/strong>, doch\u00e1dza u jednotlivcov k zmen\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vidite\u013en\u00e9 pre rodinu a bl\u00edzkych priate\u013eov. Tieto zmeny zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa probl\u00e9my s pam\u00e4\u0165ou a koncentr\u00e1ciou alebo nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie a n\u00e1pady. M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e vykazova\u0165 dezorganizovan\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu a klesaj\u00faci z\u00e1ujem o ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. U dospievaj\u00facich sa tieto zmeny \u010dasto prehliadaj\u00fa, preto\u017ee sa pova\u017euj\u00fa v tomto obdob\u00ed za norm\u00e1lne. Pri sp\u00e4tnom poh\u013eade je \u013eah\u0161ie interpretova\u0165 tieto pr\u00edznaky ako varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. V tom \u010dase by v\u0161ak bolo ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 ich od be\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov puberty.<br><br><strong>2. AK\u00daTNA F\u00c1ZA <\/strong><br><br>T\u00e1to f\u00e1za je charakterizovan\u00e1 v\u00fdskytom psychotick\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov, ako s\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie, bludy a\/alebo poruchy myslenia a re\u010di, ale aj depresie alebo emocion\u00e1lneho splo\u0161tenia. Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 t\u00fdchto pr\u00edznakov sa naz\u00fdva \u201epsych\u00f3za\u201c a obdobie jej prejavu sa naz\u00fdva \u201epsychotick\u00e1 epiz\u00f3da\u201c. Pr\u00edznaky sa m\u00f4\u017eu objavi\u0165 postupne alebo n\u00e1hle. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov zost\u00e1va pr\u00ed\u010dina nezn\u00e1ma. Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee prv\u00fd v\u00fdskyt psychotick\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj \u201eprepuknutie\u201c) m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00fd stresom. \u013dudia, u&nbsp;ktor\u00fdch sa tak\u00e9to pr\u00edznaky objavia, a ich rodinn\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci v tejto f\u00e1ze zvy\u010dajne vyh\u013eadaj\u00fa odborn\u00fa pomoc.<br><br><strong>3. REZIDU\u00c1LNA F\u00c1ZA<\/strong><br><br>Predstavuje obdobie <strong>6 \u2013 18 mesiacov<\/strong> po ak\u00fatnej f\u00e1ze. V tejto f\u00e1ze sa mnoh\u00e9 charakteristick\u00e9 psychotick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky zmier\u0148uj\u00fa. Niektor\u00e9 rezidu\u00e1lne pr\u00edznaky, ako s\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie alebo funk\u010dn\u00e9 poruchy, v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu pretrv\u00e1va\u0165. Pozit\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nahraden\u00e9 aj negat\u00edvnymi pr\u00edznakmi, napr\u00edklad nedostatkom energie a stiahnut\u00edm sa zo spolo\u010dnosti. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch si \u013eudia v tomto obdob\u00ed za\u010dn\u00fa uvedomova\u0165 svoje pr\u00edznaky a nau\u010dia sa ich zvl\u00e1da\u0165.<br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongak-m-schizofrnia-priebehstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Ak\u00fd m\u00e1 schizofr\u00e9nia priebeh?<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Hoci schizofr\u00e9nia postihuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho inak, pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumov v tejto oblasti m\u00e1 priebeh ochorenia zvy\u010dajne jednu z typick\u00fdch foriem zn\u00e1zornen\u00fdch v nasleduj\u00facich \u0161tyroch schematick\u00fdch zobrazeniach mo\u017en\u00e9ho priebehu schizofr\u00e9nie a jej vplyvu na norm\u00e1lne fungovanie pacientov.<br>&nbsp;<br>Ako ukazuje Obr\u00e1zok 1, po ak\u00fatnej prvej epiz\u00f3de s psychotick\u00fdmi pr\u00edznakmi m\u00f4\u017ee u<strong> 22 %<\/strong> \u013eud\u00ed d\u00f4js\u0165 k remisii, bez recid\u00edvy alebo funk\u010dn\u00e9ho zhor\u0161enia v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145617.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 1\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145617.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 1\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145617.png\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Z v\u00fdskumu vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee v <strong>35 % pr\u00edpadov<\/strong> sa choroba vyv\u00edja v epiz\u00f3dach, s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi psychotick\u00fdmi epiz\u00f3dami v nasleduj\u00facich rokoch, ako je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 na Obr\u00e1zku 2 ni\u017e\u0161ie. Tieto epiz\u00f3dy s\u00fa \u010dasto vyvolan\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enou hladinou stresu. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch doch\u00e1dza medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi epiz\u00f3dami k \u00faplnej remisii s obnoven\u00edm funk\u010dnosti.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145643.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 2\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145643.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 2\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145643.png\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Pribli\u017ene u <strong>8 <\/strong>% <strong>\u013eud\u00ed <\/strong>doch\u00e1dza k \u010diasto\u010dnej remisii s oslaben\u00fdmi, ale pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facimi pr\u00edznakmi, ako ukazuje Obr\u00e1zok 3. Tie m\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 psychotick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, negat\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky, kognit\u00edvne poruchy a stratu norm\u00e1lneho fungovania.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145701.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 3\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145701.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 3\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145701.png\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">V \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pribli\u017ene <strong>35 % pr\u00edpadov<\/strong> sa choroba zhor\u0161uje postupne a epiz\u00f3dy nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikova\u0165 samostatne. Vizu\u00e1lne zn\u00e1zornenie n\u00e1jdete na Obr\u00e1zku 4 ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-illustration-rea-illustration-block rea-illustration-block front\"><img class=\"illustration-bg\" alt=\"\"\/><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-illustration-block__image image-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145720.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"illustration center\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 4\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145720.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rea-mobile illustration-mobile\" alt=\"Obr\u00e1zok 4\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Snimka-obrazovky-2024-10-01-145720.png\"\/><\/a><\/div><p class=\"rea-site__caption caption-text align-center\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-references-rea-references-block rea-references-block front\"><div class=\"rea-references-block__references\"><p class=\"references-title\">Zdroje<\/p><ol class=\"references-list\"><li>World Health Organization. (www.who.int) Webpage: Schizophrenia. 2022.<\/li><li>Lewis SW, Buchanan RW. Fast Facts: Schizo- phrenia, Fourth Edition. Health Press; 2015.<\/li><li>James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1789\u2013858.<\/li><li>Gaebel W, W\u00f6lwer W. Themenheft 50 \u201cSchizophrenie.\u201d Robert Koch-Institut; 2010.<\/li><li>Lindamer LA, Lohr JB, Harris MJ, McAdams LA, Jeste DV. Gender-relat- ed clinical differences in older patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;60(1):61\u20137; quiz 68\u20139.<\/li><li>Roberts LW, Hales RE, Yudofsky SC. The American Psychiatric Associa- tion Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry. Seventh Edition. American Psychiat- ric Association Publishing; 2019.<\/li><li>National Institute of Mental Health. Schizophrenia [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 4].Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www\/\">https:\/\/www<\/a>.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia\/index.shtml#part_145430<\/li><li>Gaebel W, Hasan A, Falkai P. S3-Leitlinie Schizophrenie. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2019.<\/li><li>Cunningham T, Hoy K, Shannon C. Does childhood bullying lead to the development of psychotic symptoms? A metaanalysis and review of prospective studies. Psychosis. 2016 Jan 2;8(1):48\u201359.<\/li><li>Schizophrenia &#8211; Mental Health Disorders [Internet]. Merck Manuals Consumer Ver- sion. [cited 2020 Oct 4]. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/home\/\">https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/home\/<\/a> mental-health-disorders\/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders\/schizophrenia<\/li><li>Ernest, D., Vuksic, O, Smith-Shepard, A., Webb, E. Schizophrenia. An information guide. Canada. Library and Archives Can- ada Cataloguing in Publication; 2017.<\/li><li>Conley RR, Ascher-Svanum H, Zhu B, Faries D, Kinon BJ. The Burden of Depressive Symptoms in the Long-Term Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2007 February; 90(1-3): 186\u2013197<\/li><li>Harkavy-Friedman J. Risk Factors for Suicide in Patients With Schizophre- nia [Internet]. Psychiatric Times. [cited 2021 Jun 16]. Available from: https:\/\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.psychiatrictimes.com\/view\/risk-fac-\">www.psychiatrictimes.com\/view\/risk-fac-<\/a> tors-suicide-patients-schizophrenia<\/li><li>&nbsp;Tezenas du Montcel C, Pelissolo A, Sch\u00fcrhoff F, Pignon B. Obsessive-Com- pulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia: an Up-To-Date Review of Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Jul 1;21(8):64.<\/li><li>Corcoran C, Walker E, Huot R, Mittal V, Tessner K, Kestler L, et al. The stress cascade and schizophrenia: etiology and on- set. Schizophr Bull. 2003;29(4):671\u201392.<\/li><li>American Psychiatric Association. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. Third Edition. American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2020.<\/li><li>Andresen R, Oades L, Caputi P. The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: towards an empirically vali- dated stage model. Aust N Z J Psy- chiatry. 2003 Oct;37(5):586\u201394.<\/li><li>Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT, Kane JM, Lasser RA, Marder SR, Weinberger DR. Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;162(3):441-9.<\/li><li>B\u00e4uml J. Psychosen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis: Ein Ratgeber f\u00fcr Patienten und Angeh\u00f6rige. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2013.<\/li><li>Schizophrenia.com. Schizophrenia Facts and Statistics. (http:\/\/ schizophrenia.com\/szfacts.htm)<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Schizophrenia in a view","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Schizophrenia in a view","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-4717","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku - Schizofrenia.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Schizofr\u00e9nia je chronick\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u010dlovek posudzuje, vn\u00edma a spr\u00e1va sa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku - Schizofrenia.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Schizofr\u00e9nia je chronick\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u010dlovek posudzuje, vn\u00edma a spr\u00e1va sa.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Schizofrenia.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/Schizofrnia\/100081076399134\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-07T10:49:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"17 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/\",\"name\":\"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku - Schizofrenia.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizophrenia.life\\\/public\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/03\\\/wooden.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-18T09:15:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-07T10:49:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"Schizofr\u00e9nia je chronick\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u010dlovek posudzuje, vn\u00edma a spr\u00e1va sa.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizophrenia.life\\\/public\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/03\\\/wooden.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizophrenia.life\\\/public\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/03\\\/wooden.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/\",\"name\":\"Schizofrenia.com\",\"description\":\"Z\u00e1klad\u0148a pre \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich so schizofr\u00e9niou\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Schizofrenia.com\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/Schizophrenia-logo-01.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/Schizophrenia-logo-01.png\",\"width\":1927,\"height\":1891,\"caption\":\"Schizofrenia.com\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schizofrenia.com\\\/verejnost\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/people\\\/Schizofrnia\\\/100081076399134\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku - Schizofrenia.com","description":"Schizofr\u00e9nia je chronick\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u010dlovek posudzuje, vn\u00edma a spr\u00e1va sa.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku - Schizofrenia.com","og_description":"Schizofr\u00e9nia je chronick\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u010dlovek posudzuje, vn\u00edma a spr\u00e1va sa.","og_url":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/","og_site_name":"Schizofrenia.com","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/Schizofrnia\/100081076399134\/","article_modified_time":"2024-10-07T10:49:00+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"17 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/","url":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/","name":"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku - Schizofrenia.com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png","datePublished":"2023-12-18T09:15:47+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-07T10:49:00+00:00","description":"Schizofr\u00e9nia je chronick\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u010dlovek posudzuje, vn\u00edma a spr\u00e1va sa.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/schizophrenia.life\/public\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/schizofrenia-v-hladaciku\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Schizofr\u00e9nia v h\u013ead\u00e1\u010diku"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/#website","url":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/","name":"Schizofrenia.com","description":"Z\u00e1klad\u0148a pre \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich so schizofr\u00e9niou","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/#organization","name":"Schizofrenia.com","url":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Schizophrenia-logo-01.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Schizophrenia-logo-01.png","width":1927,"height":1891,"caption":"Schizofrenia.com"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/Schizofrnia\/100081076399134\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4717"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7929,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4717\/revisions\/7929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenia.com\/verejnost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}